Chronic venous outflow obstruction: An important cause of chronic

Chronic venous outflow obstruction is a significant cause of chronic venous disease and therefore chronic morbidity. When conservative measures fail, intervention through deep venous reconstructive techniques should be considered. Referral should be considered in all patients with features of chronic venous disease that are life-affecting. Imaging relies primarily on duplex ultrasonography, supplemented by computed tomographic and magnetic resonance venography, and intraoperatively by intravascular ultrasonography. Intervention is primary endovenous, using angioplasty and stenting. Open surgical procedures are used in very select patients.

Graduated compression stockings

Suggested classification of hepatic venous outflow obstruction.

Utility of the 50% stenosis criterion for patients undergoing stenting for chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction - ScienceDirect

Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) - Riverside Podiatry

a, Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) shows trabeculations in the

Red legs: how to differentiate between cellulitis, venous eczema

Matthew HARRIS, Vascular Registrar

PDF] Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction: Suggestion of a New Classification

Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Cardiac Emergency Care ed. by Edward K. Chung, MD